Modifier shortcut rules
Modifier ইংলিশ গ্রামারের একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ টপিক। কিন্তু HSC এর পূর্বে এই টপিকটি কোন ক্লাসের সিলেবাসে নেই। ফলে HSC তে এসে ছাত্রছাত্রীরা Modifiers টপিকটি দেখে ভয় পায়। ভয়ের কোন কারণ নেই। আজ আমি এই আর্টিকেলে Modifier shortcut rules || Modifier এর শর্টকাট নিয়ম নিয়ে সুন্দরভাবে ১৩টি শর্টকাট নিয়ম আলোচনা করেছি যার মধ্যে থেকে পরীক্ষায় ১০টি কনফার্ম পাবে ইনশাআল্লাহ। চলো তাহলে সেই ১৩টি Modifier এর শর্টকাট নিয়ম শেখা যাক।
Modifier এর শর্টকাট নিয়ম
1. প্রশ্নে …………পরে () এর মধ্যে Pre-modify the
Noun উল্লেখ থাকলে উক্ত ………… এ একটি Adjective বসে।
যেমন:
i) I try to discover the ......... ( use
an adjective to pre-tnodify the noun) talents of my students.
Ans: hidden/secret.
ii) It was an ....... (use an adjective as a pre-modifier) journey.
Ans: interesting.
2. প্রশ্নে ………… পরে () এর মধ্যে Pre-modify the
adjective উল্লেখ থাকলে
উক্ত ………… এ Adverb বসে।
যেমন:
i) Mehedi Hasan is…………..(Use an adverb to
pre-modify the adjective) honest among the students.
Ans: very
i) It is a…………..(Use an adverb as
pre-modifier) interesting story.
Ans: very
3. প্রশ্নে……………………পরে () এর মধ্যে Use intensifiers
as Pre-modifier উল্লেখ
থাকলে উক্ত …………… এ Adverbs
(absolutely, completely, extremely, highly, rather, really, so, too, totally,
utterly, very, at all
ইত্যাদি বসে।
যেমন:
i) A village doctor is a ………... (Use an
intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) familiar person in the rural areas of
Bangladesh,
Ans: very.
ii) I felt …………. (Use an intensifier as a pre-modifier) sorry for that.
Ans: extremely
4. প্রশ্নে …………… পরে () এর মধ্যে Use determiners as
pre-modifier উল্লেখ
থাকলে উক্ত …………… এ Articles = a, an, the এবং Demonstrative =
this, that, these, those
ইত্যাদি বসে।
যেমন:
(i) Mr. Raiiq possesses all ........... (Use
articles to pre-modify the noun) qualities of a good teacher.
Ans: the
ii) She bought ………… (Use determiners as a pre-modifier) small boat.
Ans: a
5. প্রশ্নে………………পরে () এর মধ্যে Use quantifiers as
pre-modifier উল্লেখ
থাকলে উক্ত……………এ Headword টি countable হলে a lot of, a lot, more, some, many, few, one, two, three…, several ইত্যাদি বসে। আর Headword টি uncountable হলে much, little, a little, more,
less, sufficient, enough, adequate ইত্যাদি বসে।
যেমন:
i) The man has .............. (Use a
quantifier to pre-modify the noun) money.
Ans: much
ii) The boy has bought .............. (Use
a quantifier as a pre-modifier) birds from the New Market.
Ans: two/three.
HSC modifiers
6. প্রশ্নে ……………পরে () এর মধ্যে Noun/Noun
Adjective as pre- modifier উল্লেখ থাকলে উক্ত……… এ একটি Noun বসে।
যেমন:
i) Some of the students of Dhaka College
respect their ……………………… (Use a noun to pre-modify the noun) teacher.
Ans: English.
ii) We should control our …………………… (Use
noun adjective as pre-modifier) problem.
Ans: population
7. প্রশ্নে………পরে () এর মধ্যে Possessive as pre-
modifier উল্লেখ থাকলে
উক্ত……… এ my, our, your,
his, her, their, its, name’s, one’s ইত্যাদি বসে।
যেমন:
i) Laboni has read............(Use
Possessive as pre-modifier) drama.
Ans:
his/her/Shakespeare's
ii) Jesmin will meet.............
(Use possessive to pre-modify the noun) friend.
Ans: my/his/her
পড়তে পারেনঃ
- বাংলা অনুবাদ সহ The lion and the mouse completing story
- বাংলা অনুবাদ সহ A happy cobbler story
- বাংলা অনুবাদ সহ A thirsty crow completing story
8. প্রশ্নে………………পরে () এর মধ্যে Pre-modify/Post-modify
the verb উল্লেখ থাকলে
উক্ত…………
এ একটি Adverb বসে।
i) Nilima has realised the ………………………… (Use
an adverb to pre-modify noun) passage.
Ans: above.
ii) He went to school ………… (Use an adverb
as a post-modifier).
Ans: Early/at an early
age/yesterday.
9. প্রশ্নে……………পরে () এর মধ্যে Use adverbial
phrase/Prepositional phrase as Pre-modifier/Post-modifier উল্লেখ থাকলে উক্ত………… এ Preposition+ext বসে।
যেমন:
i) The bird ..............(Use
prepositional phrase as post- modifier) is very fine.
Ans: on the tree.
ii) The flowers ................... (Use an adverbial phrase to post-modify the noun) look very beautiful.
Ans: in my garden.
10. প্রশ্নে……………পরে () এর মধ্যে Use
Infinitive/Infinitive phrase as Post-modifier উল্লেখ থাকলে উক্ত……… এ to+v1/to+v1+ext বসে।
যেমন:
i) My plan ……………………… (Use infinitive as
post-modifier) a car ended in smoke.
Ans: to buy.
ii) His decision .................. (Use an infinitive phrase as a post-modifier) came true.
Ans: to help the poor.
Use of modifiers for HSC
11. প্রশ্নে……………পরে ( ) এর মধ্যে Use Present participle/ Present participle
phrase as pre/post-modifier উল্লেখ থাকলে উক্ত……………এ Verb+ing/ verb ing+ext বসে।
যেমন:
i) I have a ……..(Use present participle as
pre-modifier) room
Ans: reading
(ii) I saw the boy .............. (Use a present participle phrase to post-modify the noun)
Ans: going to college.
12. প্রশ্নে……………পরে ( ) এর মধ্যে Use past
participle as pre/post-modifier উল্লেখ থাকলে উক্ত……………এ V3 বসে। আর past participle
phrase as pre/post-modifier উল্লেখ থাকলে উক্ত……………এ V3+ext বসে।
যেমন:
i) ..…..(Use past participle as
pre-modifier) water is very harmful.
(ii) The message………………… (Use past
participle to post-modify the noun) ten minutes ago is very interesting.
Ans: sent received.
13. প্রশ্নে……………পরে ( ) এর মধ্যে Use appositive as post-modifier উল্লেখ থাকলে উক্ত……………এ অতিরিক্ত তথ্য প্রদানকারী Word বা Phrase বসে।
যেমন:
i) Sheikh Hasina, .................., (Use
appositive as post-modifier) is very intelligent.
Ans: Prime Minister of
Bangladesh.
ii) I know Mr. Ratul,..................
(Use appositive as a post-modifier)
Ans: Principal of this college.
পরিশেষে বলা যায় যছ, যদি কোন HSC লেভেলের ছাত্র-ছাত্রী আমার লেখা Modifier shortcut rules || Modifier এর শর্টকাট নিয়ম আর্টিকেলটি সুন্দরভাবে ও মনযোগ সহকারে পড়ে এবং এই নিয়মগুলো অনুযায়ী প্র্যাকটিস করে তাহলে সে নিশ্চিত HSC Modifiers এ ফুল মার্কস পাবে। তাই নতুন টপিক মনে করে Modifier এড়িয়ে না যেয়ে বারবার নিয়মগুলো পড়তে হবে এবং সেই অনুযায়ী প্র্যাকটিস করতে হবে। তাহলে নিশ্চিত HSC Modifier এ ভাল নাম্বার পাওয়া যাবে।
Exercise Practice:
Make answer scripts of the following examples and write them in the comment section.
1. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.
Arsenic is a (a)---(pre-modify the noun) substance. It is (b)---(use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) dangerous for human health. (c)---(use a demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) substance is found in the water of the tube well. There are (d)---(use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) villages in (e)---(use possessive to pre-modify the noun) country. Most of our (f)---(use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) people drink tube well water. As a result, many of them are suffering from the arsenic problem. This problem is (g)---(pre-modify the verb) found in North Bengal. We should take proper measures (h)---(post-modify the verb with an infinitive phrase). The government is trying to mark the tube wells having arsenic (i)---(use a participle to post-modify the verb) red color. People should refrain from drinking water of (j) – (use demonstrative to pre-modify the noun) tube wells. Otherwise, they will suffer from arsenicosis.
2. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.
Taking food is essential. We take food (a) — (use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). We can not survive on Earth if we do not take food. In fact (b) — (use a quantifier to pre-modify the noun phrase) living beings need to take food. But it is a matter of great regret that (c) (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) food is being adulterated. (d) — (use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) adulteration is increasing (e) — (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adverb) alarmingly so that we cannot stop it. (f) — (use a determiner to pre-modify the noun phrase) dishonest businessmen use (g) – (pre-modify the noun) chemicals in food and fruits to make illegal and quick money. But they do not think about (h) – (use a possessive to pre-modify the noun) health. (i) — (use present participle) adulterated food, people get sick. They are often attacked with different fatal diseases. So (j) (use a gerund), food safety is a must today.
3. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.
Newspaper plays a very (a) —- (pre-modify the noun) role in modern civilization. It publishes news and views from home and abroad. Only (b) – (pre-modify the noun) knowledge is not enough in this competitive world. A newspaper helps a man (c) – (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) his general knowledge. Besides academic books, one should read newspapers (d) — (post modify the verb). The newspaper helps one (e) — (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) the facts of the world. (i) – (pre-modify the verb with a present participle phrase) regularly, one can be aware of everything. There are (g) – (pre-modify the noun) kinds of newspaper. One should select the newspaper (h) — (post-modify the verb). One should choose the (i) — (pre-modify the noun) paper because many newspapers present news partially. Whatever the paper is, it (j) – (pre-modify the verb) helps a man.
4. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.
Air and water are the most (a) — (pre-modify the noun with an adjective) elements of the environment. But we pollute them (b) – (post-modify the verb with an adverb). Mills and factories use fuel (c) — (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) their products. The burning of this fuel creates smoke (d) — (post-modify the verb with an adverbial). Motor vehicles also pollute the air, (e) – (use an appositive). Water is polluted by (f) – (pre-modify the noun with a quantifier) kinds of waste and filth. We pollute water (g – (post-modify the verb with present participle phrase) into water. Farmers use (h)---(pre-modify the noun with an adjective) fertilizers and insecticides and pollute water. (i)---(pre-modify the noun with a past participle) water is (j)---(pre-modify the adjective with an intensifier) harmful to health.
5. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.
We can’t think of our existence without language. It plays a (a) — (use an intensifier) important role in our lives. We use language from the time we wake up (b) — (post-modify the verb) till we go to bed at night. We use language not only in our (c) — (pre-modify the noun) hours but also in our dreams. We use language (d) – (use an infinitive) what we feel and to say what we like or dislike. We also use language (e) — (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) information. Language is (f) – (pre-modify the adjective) present in our lives. It is an (g) – (pre-modify the noun) part of our life. As an (h) — (pre-modify the noun) nation, we also have a language. But we had to struggle (i) — (post-modify the verb) to establish the right of our language. Many (j) — (pre-modify the noun) sons sacrificed their lives for the language.
🔥Written by-
MD. Rafiqul Islam
B. A (Hons), M. A (English)
Assistant Professor in a college
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