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Modifier Rules শেখার সহজ উপায়

 

Modifier rules,modifier hsc,modifiers hsc,modifier,modifiers,modifier rules for hsc,hsc modifier rules

Modifier ইংরেজি গ্রামারের একটি অন্যতম টপিক। কিন্তু এই টপিকটি শুধুমাত্র এইচএসসি লেভেলের ছাত্র-ছাত্রীদের জন্য ইংরেজি সিলেবাস অন্তর্ভুক্ত করা হয়েছে। জেএসসি ও এসএসসি ইংরেজি সিলেবাসে Modifier নেই। তাই ছাত্রছাত্রীরা এইচএসসিতে এসে হঠাৎ করে Modifier দেখে হোঁচট খায়। হোঁচট খাওয়ার কোন দরকার নেই। Modifier খুব সহজ। তাই এইচএসসিতে Modifier নতুন টপিক হওয়ার সত্ত্বেও ছাত্র-ছাত্রীরা যাতে Modifier  এ ভালো নম্বর ক্যারি করতে পারে এজন্য আজ আমি Modifier rules  নিয়ে আলোচনা করব। যদি কেউ আমার লেখা Modifier rules আরটিকেলটি পড়ে তাহলে সে নিশ্চিত Modifier এ ভালো করতে পারবে। তাহলে এখন Modifier rule গুলো দেখা যাক

Modifier rules

Modifier কাকে বলে: 

যে word বা phrase কোন word বা phrase এর পূর্বে বা পরে বসে তাকে Modify বা বিশেষিত করে তাকে Modifier বলে

যেমন:

i) Arif is a meritorious student.

ii) The girl standing on the road is very beautiful.

Modifier সাধারণত দুই প্রকার

যথা:-

i) Pre-modifier.

ii) Post-modifier.

Pre-modifier: যে Modifier কোন Noun/Adjective/Verb এর পূর্বে বসে তাকে Pre-modifier বলে

যেমন:

i) Al-Mamun is a regular student.

ii) This is my reading room.

Post-modifier: যে Modifier কোন Noun/Adjective/Verb এর পরে বসে তাকে Post-modifier বলে

যেমন:

i) We know Pinky, a regular student.

ii) I saw Ataur playing in the field.

Pre modifier

যে সমস্ত Word বা Phrase Pre modifier হিসাবে ব্যবহৃত হয় সেগুলো নিম্নে উল্লেখ করা হলো

i) Adjective

ii) Present participle

iii) Past participle

iv) Noun adjective/Noun

v) Determiners

vi) Quantifiers

vii) Compounds

viii) Possessive

ix) Adverb

x) Intensifiers

এগুলো নিম্নে আলোচনা করা হলো

i) Adjective as pre-modifier: কোন Noun/Noun phrase এর পূর্বে adjective বসলে  adjective কে Pre-modifier বলে প্রশ্নে ……… এর পরে () এর মধ্যে adjective as Pre-modifier উল্লেখ থাকলে উক্ত …… একটি original adjective বসে

যেমন:

i) I try to discover the ......... (Use an adjective to pre-modify the noun) talents of my students.

Ans: hidden/secret.

ii) It was an ....... (Use an adjective as pre-modifier) journey.

Ans: interesting.

ii) Present participle as pre-modifier: কোন Noun এর পূর্বে Present participle (verb+ing) বসলে  Present participle কে Pre-modifier বলেপ্রশ্নে................এর পরে () এর মধ্যে Present participle as Pre-modifier উল্লেখ থাকলে উক্ত…….… মূল Verb এর সাথে ing যোগ করতে হয়৷

যেমন:

i) Sudipto likes his ………………………  (Use present participle as

pre-modifier) room.

Ans: reading.

ii) Vobosindhu stood on the ………… (Use present participle to pre-modify the noun) train.

Ans: running.

iii) Past Participle as pre-modifier: কোন Noun এর পূর্বে Past participle (v3) বসলে  Past participle কে pre-modifier বলে প্রশ্নে ………..…… এর পরে ( ) এর মধ্যে Past participle as pre-modifier উল্লেখ থাকলে উক্ত ………  v3 বসে

যেমন:

i) Most of the villagers drink …………… (Use past participle to pre-modify the noun) water

Ans: polluted/contaminated.

ii) We should respect a ................. (Use past participle as pre-modifier) man.

Ans: learned

iv) Noun/Noun Adjective as pre-modifier: কোন Noun এর পূর্বে আর একটি Noun বসলে  Noun টিকে Noun adjective বা Pre-modifier বলে প্রশ্নে………… এর পরে ( ) এর মধ্যে Noun as Pre-modifier অথবা Noun adjective as Pre-modifier উল্লেখ থাকলে উক্ত…………  একটি Noun বসে

যেমন:

i) Some of the students of Khan Saheb Kornoruddin College respect their ……… (Use Noun to pre-modify the noun) teacher.

Ans: English

ii) We should control our ………… (Use noun adjective as pre-modifier) problem.

Ans: population

v) Determiners as pre-modifier: কোন Noun এর পূর্বে determiners (a, an, the, this, that, these, those etc.) বসলে  determiners কে Pre-modifier বলে প্রশ্নে ……. পরে () এর মধ্যে determiners as Pre-modifier উল্লেখ থাকলে উক্ত a, an, the, this, that, these, those etc. বসে

যেমন:

(i) Mr.Raiiq possesses all ........... (Use articles to pre-modify the noun) qualities of a good teacher

Ans: the.

ii) Magfur bought ……… (Use determiners as pre-modifier) small boat.

Ans: a

Modifier HSC

vi) Quantifiers as pre-modifier: Quantifier হলো noun এর পরিমান (quantity) নির্দেশক শব্দ কোন Singular Uncountable noun-এর পূর্বে much, little, a little, a great/good/vast/little amount of, a lot of, a lot, more, less, some, adequate, enough ইত্যাদি বসলে এবং কোন Plural countable noun-এর পূর্বে many, some, few, a great/good number of, a lot of, a lot, three, ten, more, less, several, adequate, enough ইত্যাদি বসলে  quantifiers কে Pre-modifiersপ্রশ্নে ……... এর পরে () এর মধ্যে Quantifiers as Pre-modifier উল্লেখ থাকলে উক্ত …………  উপোরুক্ত Word গুলির মধ্যে যে কোন একটি বসে

যেমন:

i) The man has .............. (Use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) money. 

Ans: much

ii) The boy has bought .............. (Use quantifier as a Pre-modifier) birds from the New Market.

Ans: two/three

vii) Compounds as pre-modifier: কোন Noun এর পূর্বে Compound word বা জোড়া শব্দ বসলে  Compound word কে Pre-modifier বলেপ্রশ্নে ................ এর পরে () এর মধ্যে Compounds as Pre-modifier উল্লেখ থাকলে উক্ত ………  Compound word বা জোড়া শব্দ বসে

যেমন:

i) My brother has bought a ……… (Use compounds as pre premodifier) machine.

Ans: new-brand.

ii) It is a ……… (Use compounds to pre-modify the nouns) idea.

Ans: back-dated

More compound words

Age-old, brand-new, school-going, out-of-order, outdated, out-of-date, old-fashioned, back-dated, so-called, far-sighted, long-sighted, first-class, newborn, long-term, short-term, quickly-done, slowly-passing, multi-colored, multi-storied, cash-paid, newly-emerged, above-mentioned, well-constructed, well-paid, well-designed, well-known ইত্যাদি প্রচলিত কতগুলো, compound. 

viii) Possessives as pre-modifier: কোন Noun এর পূর্বে possessive case (my, our, your, his, her, their, its, name’s etc.) বসলে  possessive case কে Pre-modifier বলে৷ প্রশ্নে……… এর পরে () এর মধ্যে possessive as Pre-modifier উল্লেখ থাকলে উক্ত  (my, our, your, his, her, their, its, name’s etc.) বসে

যেমন:

i) Laboni has read ............ ( Use Possessive as Pre-modifier) drama.

Ans: his/her /Shakespeare's  

 ii) Jesmin will meet ............. (Use possessive to pre-modify the noun) friend.

Ans: my/his/her

ix) Adverb as pre-modifier: কোন Noun/Adjective/Verb এর পূর্বে adverb বসলে  adverb কে Pre-modifier বলে প্রশ্নে............ এর পরে () এর মধ্যে adverb as Pre-modifier উল্লেখ থাকলে উক্ত ………  adverb বসে

যেমন

i) Shibani has gone to India by........ (Use an adverb as a pre-modifier) train.

Ans: down

ii) Nilima has realised the ………………………… (Use an adverb to pre-modify the noun) passage.

Ans: above.

iii) He is ………... (Use an adverb to pre-modify the verb) known as a quack.

Ans: well/often

iv) Mehedi Hasan is…………..( Use an adverb to pre-modify the adjective) honest among the students.

Ans: very

x) Intensifiers as pre-modifier: Intensifiers হলো adverbs or adverbial phrases যা অন্যান্য Word এর অর্থকে জোরদার বা জোর প্রদর্শন করেকোন Noun/Adjective/Verb এর পূর্বে adverb বসলে  adverbs কে Intensifiers বলেপ্রশ্নে……………পরে () এর মধ্যে use intensifiers as Pre-modifier উল্লেখ থাকলে উক্ত …………  Adverbs (absolutely, completely, extremely, highly, rather, really, so, too, totally, utterly, very, at all ইত্যাদি বসে

যেমন:

i) They became ….......... (Use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) dear and friendly to us.

Ans: very

ii) A village doctor is a ………... (Use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) familiar person in the rural areas of Bangladesh,

Ans: very

iii) I felt …………. (Use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) sorry for her.

Ans: extremely

iv) She has …………. (Use an intensifier to pre-modify the verb) offended her sister.

Ans: really

Post modifier

যে সমস্ত words বা phrases post modifier হিসাবে ব্যবহৃত হয় সে গুলো নিম্নে উল্লেখ করা হলো

i) Adjective

ii) Present participle/Present participle phrase

iii) Past participle/Past participle phrase

iv) Prepositional phrase

v)  Infinitive/infinitive phrase

vi) Appositive

vii) Relative clause

viii) Adverb

i) Adjective/Adjective phrase as post-modifier: কোন Noun এর পরে Adjective/ Adjective phrase বসলে  Adjective/Adjective phrase কে post-modifier বলে প্রশ্নে ……… এর পরে () এর মধ্যে Adjective as post-modifier উল্লেখ থাকলে উক্ত ......  একটি Adjective বসে আর () এর মধ্যে Adjective phrase as post-modifier উল্লেখ থাকলে উক্ত ......  Adjective+Preposition+ext বসে

যেমন:

যেমন:

i) Beauty made her husband  ………… (Use an adjective as a post-modifier)

Ans: happy.

ii) There is nothing ............ (Use an adjective  to post-modify the noun)

Ans: wrong.

iii) She made me………..(Use an adjective phrase as post-modifier)

Ans: happy in conjugal life.

ii) Present participle/present participle phrase as post-modifier: কোন Noun/Verb এর পরে present participle (verb+ing)/present participle phrase (verb+ing+ext) বসলে  present participle/present participle phrase কে post-modifier বলেপ্রশ্নে …………… এর পরে () এর মধ্যে present participle as post-modifier উল্লেখ থাকলে উক্ত …………… verb+ ing বসে আর present participle phrase as Post-modifier উল্লেখ থাকলে উক্ত ................  verb+ing+ext বসে 

যেমন:

i) Chondrima saw her friend …………… (Use present participle as post-modifier)

Ans: going.

ii) Tahera saw him ............. (Use present Participle phrase to post-modify the noun)

Ans: going to college.

iii) I started……..(Post-modify the verb with the present participle) a letter

Ans: writing.

iii) Past participle/Past participle phrase as post-modifier: কোন Noun/Verb এর পরে Past participle (v3)/past participle phrase (v3 + ext) বসলে  Past participle/past participle phrase কে post-modifier বলে প্রশ্নে………..এর পরে () এর মধ্যে Past participle as post-modifier উল্লেখ থাকলে উক্ত……… v3 বসে আর Past participle phrase as Post-modifier উল্লেখ থাকলে উক্ত ................  v3+ext বসে

যেমন:

i) The message …………… (Use past participle to post-modify the noun) ten minutes ago is very interesting.

Ans: sent/received.

ii) The mobile phone .............. (Use past participle phrase as Post-modifier) is costly.

Ans: bought from Dhaka.

iv) Prepositional phrase as post-modifier: কোন Noun/Verb এর পরে Prepositional phrase (preposition+ext) বসলে  Prepositional phrase কে post-modifier বলেপ্রশ্নে ............... এর পরে ( ) এর মধ্যে  prepositional phrase as Post-modifier উল্লেখ থাকলে উক্ত …………  Preposition + noun/pronoun বসে

যেমন:

i) The bird ..............(Use prepositional phrase as post- modifier) is very fine.

Ans: on the tree

ii) The flowers ................... (Use a propositional phrase to post-modify the noun) look very beautiful.

Ans: in my garden

Modifier rules for HSC

v) Infinitive/infinitive phrase as post-modifier: কোন Noun/Verb এর পরে Infinitive (to+v1)/Infinitive phrase (to+v1+ext) বসলে  Infinitive/Infinitive phrase কে post-modifier বলে প্রশ্নে...............পরে () এর মধ্যে Infinitive as post-modifier উল্লেখ থাকলে উক্ত  to + v1 বসে আর ( ) মধ্যে Infinitive phrase as post-modifier উল্লেখ থাকলে উক্ত ………  to + v1 + ext বসে

যেমন:

i) My plan ……………(Use infinitive as post-modifier) a car ended in smoke.

Ans: to buy.

ii) His decision ..................(Use infinitive phrase as post-modifier) came true.

Ans: to help the poor.

vi) Appositive as post-modifier: যে সকল word বা phrase কোন Noun এর পরে বসে  noun সম্পর্কে অতিরিক্ত তথ্য প্রদান করে word বা phrase কে Appositive বলেকোন Noun এর পরে Appositive বসলে  Appositive কে post-modifier বলে প্রশ্নে …………এর পরে () এর মধ্যে  appositive as post-modifier উল্লেখ থাকলে  উক্ত................. অতিরিক্ত তথ্য প্রদানকারী word বা phrase বসে

যেমন:

i) Sheikh Hasina ..................(Use appositive as post-modifier) is very intelligent.

Ans: Prime Minister of Bangladesh

ii) Mr. Rabiul.................. (Use appositive as a post-modifier) is very rough.

Ans: Principal of this college

vii) Relative clause as post modifier: কোন Noun এর পরে Relative clause (who/ which/that+v+ext) বসলে  Relative clause কে post-modifier বলেপ্রশ্নে.................এর পরে () এর মধ্যে  relative clause as post-modifier উল্লেখ থাকলে উক্ত .................. who/which/that + v + ext বসে

i) The man ……………… (Use a relative clause as a post-modifier) was very greedy.

Ans: who came here

ii) I bought a mobile phone ……………… (Use a relative clause as a post-modifier)

Ans: which was very fine/costly

viii) Adverb as post-modifier: কোন Noun/Verb এর পরে Adverb বসলে  Adverb কে Post-modifier বলে প্রশ্নে…........……এর পরে () এর মধ্যে adverb as post-modifier উল্লেখ থাকলে উক্ত................  Adverb বসে

যেমন:

i) The person …………………… (Use an adverb as a post-modifier) is my teacher.

Ans: behind

ii) The man…………………… (Use an adverb as a post-modifier) is known to me.

Ans; here

iii) He went to school ………… (Post-modify the verb).

Ans: Early/at an early age

Modifier এর শর্টকাট নিয়ম

1. প্রশ্নে……………………পরে () এর মধ্যে Pre-modify the Noun উল্লেখ থাকলে উক্ত…………  একটি Adjective বসে

2. প্রশ্নে…………………… পরে () এর মধ্যে Pre-modify the adjective উল্লেখ থাকলে উক্ত…………  Adverb বসে

3. প্রশ্নে……………………পরে () এর মধ্যে use intensifiers as Pre-modifier উল্লেখ থাকলে উক্ত ……………  Adverbs (absolutely, completely, extremely, highly, rather, really, so, too, totally, utterly, very, at all ইত্যাদি বসে

4. প্রশ্নে …………… পরে () এর মধ্যে use Determiners as Pre-modifier উল্লেখ থাকলে উক্ত ……………  Articles= a, an, the এবং Demonstrative = this, that, these, those ইত্যাদি বসে

5. প্রশ্নে………………পরে () এর মধ্যে use quantifiers as pre-modifier উল্লেখ থাকলে উক্ত……………  much, little, a little, a great/good/vast/little amount of, a lot of, a lot, more, less, some, adequate, enough many, some, few, a great/good number of, a lot of, a lot, three, ten, more, less, several, adequate, enough ইত্যাদি বসে

6. প্রশ্নে ……………পরে () এর মধ্যে Noun/Noun Adjective as pre- modifier উল্লেখ থাকলে উক্ত………  একটি Noun বসে

7. প্রশ্নে………পরে () এর মধ্যে Possessive as pre- modifier উল্লেখ থাকলে উক্ত………  my, our, your, his, her their, its, name’s etc. বসে

8. প্রশ্নে………………পরে () এর মধ্যে Pre-modify/Post-modify the verb উল্লেখ থাকলে উক্ত…………  একটি Adverb বসে

যেমন:

9. প্রশ্নে……………পরে () এর মধ্যে Use adverbial phrase/Prepositional phrase as Pre-modifier/Post-modifier উল্লেখ থাকলে উক্ত…………  Preposition+ext বসে

যেমন:

10. প্রশ্নে……………পরে () এর মধ্যে Use Infinitive/Infinitive phrase as Post-modifier উল্লেখ থাকলে উক্ত………   to+v1/to+v1+ext বসে

11. প্রশ্নে……………পরে ( ) এর মধ্যে Use Present participle/ Present participle phrase as Post-modifier  উল্লেখ থাকলে উক্ত……………  Verb+ing/ verb ing+ext বসে

Exercise Practice:

Make answer scripts of the following examples and write them in the comment section.

1. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces. 

A library is a (a) — (pre-modify the noun) of knowledge. The students (b) — (use a participle) to all classes visit it in their library periods. Our college library is housed in two rooms. (c) — (pre-modify the noun) almirahs are placed in one room. The other room is the (d) – (use a participle to modify the noun) room where magazines, journals, and newspapers are placed. There are about five thousand books in our library, which are arranged (e) — (post-modify the verb). Any type of book can be traced in no time. The books cater to the needs and interests (f) — (use a prepositional phrase). There are two separate sections in the library. One of them contains reference books like (g) – (use nouns), etc. The other section contains books (h) — (use prepositional phrase). Every student has a library (i) —- (use a noun). The reading room is always crowded (j) — (post-modify the verb) in the afternoon.

2. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.

The roads (a)---(use an adjective phrase to post-modify the noun) are beset with problems. (b)---(pre-modify the noun) driving is one of them. Most of the drivers are not (c)--- (pre-modify the participle) trained. They are not well educated. They can (d)---(use an adverb to pre-modify the verb) put their signature and read Bengali. They are indifferent to (e) – (use a noun adjective) life. They do not realise that life is (f)---(use a determiner) more valuable than time. They drive (g)---(post-modify the verb). They do (h)---(use an adverb to pre-modify the verb) drive consciously. Even though they are not conscious of (i)---(use a possessive) own lives. They drive (j)---(use an adverb phrase to post-modify the verb) and try to overtake others.

3. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.

Bangladesh is a (a) – (pre-modify the noun) country. Though it is a small country, it has a (b)---(pre-modify the noun) population. People (c)---(pre-modify the verb with an adverb) depend on agriculture. They grow different kinds of crops (d) — (post-modify the verb with an adverbial phrase). We earn (e) — (pre-modify the noun with a noun-adjective) currencies by exporting some of these crops. We are also rich in (f)--- (pre-modify the noun with an adjective) resources. Now, we are able (g)---(post-modify the adjective with an infinitive) natural gas from underground. Our industries are also rising (h) — (post-modify the verb with an adverb). We export (i)---(pre-modify the noun with a noun-adjective) products to developed countries. In this regard, we have already earned a (j)---(pre-modify the noun) reputation.

4. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.

Television has become the most common and (a)---(pre-modify the noun) source of entertainment in the (b) – (pre-modify the noun) world. A wide range of programs of (c)---(pre-modify the adjective) interest is telecast on (d)---(use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) channels. Almost every middle-class and even working-class families have a television set today. (e)---(use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) programs are (f)---(pre-modify the adjective) entertaining. They can be (g) – (pre-modify the adjective) educative too. Courses (h)---(post modify the noun) by the Open University are shown on BTV. (i)---(pre-modify the noun) channels like the Discovery Channel and the National Geographic Channel telecast highly informative programs. However, watching TV has become (j)--- (use an article) addiction for many.

5. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the blank spaces.

Kazi Nazrul Islam is called the Shelley of Bengali Literature. He was a (a)---(pre-modify the noun) poet. He wrote (b)---(post-modify the verb) in every branch of Bengali Literature. Nazrul, (c)--- (use an appositive), won the attention of everyone in his early childhood. He wrote ceaselessly until the death of (d)---(use possessive pronoun), poetic flair. He composed his songs (e)---(use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). His songs are (f)---(use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) melodious. He enriched the Bengali Literature (g)---(use an adverb to pre-modify the verb). His literary works have enriched (h)---(use a noun adjective) literature. He was (i)---(use an article) secular poet. He sang the songs of equality (j )--- (use an adverbial phrase).


সর্বোপরি, যদি কোন ছাত্র-ছাত্রী আমার লেখা Modifier rules গুলো পড়ে এবং এই Rules অনুযায়ী প্র্যাকটিস করে তাহলে সে নিশ্চিত Modifier এ ফুল মার্কস পাবে। অতএব, নতুন টপিক মনে করে Modifier এড়িয়ে না যেয়ে বারবার নিয়মগুলো পড়ুন এবং সেই অনুযায়ী প্র্যাকটিস করুন।

🔥Written by-

MD. Rafiqul Islam

B. A (Hons), M. A (English), IU

Assistant Professor in a college 

📌If you need any information, message me at the Gmail below.

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